Spray-nozzle.



H. D. BINKS.

SPRAY NOZZLE.

APPLICATION FILED APRL25. 19 s.

1&82376; Psitented Oct. 22, 1918.

IHVGU for.

wag E655 fi/ 1 2 mm ward end of a nozzle.

onto.

HARRY D. BIhIKS, 0F RIVER, FOREST, ILLINOIS.

SPRAY-NOZZLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented @ct. 22, 1918,

Application and April 25, 1918. Serial no, 230,651.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY D. BIXKS, cit-izen of the United States,residing at River Forest, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spray-Nozzles; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

In some of its general aspects, my inven tion relates to methods andmeans for manipulating a solid stream of liquid so as to subject it to aplurality of strains tending to move diflerent particles in a variety ofdirections, thereby producing an imperforate stream subject to a varietyof conflicting strains. In another aspect, my invention relates tomethods and means for producing substantially uniform or homogeneoussprays with relatively little friction and with a minimized risk ofclogging, and to provide for the simple and speedy removal of scaledeposits or other foreign matter if lodged within theliquid-manipulating appliance. More particularly, my invention relatesto means for producing a homogenous and imperforate, or so called solidspray from a solid stream of liquid, and to provide means for somanipulating a solid stream of liquid that the same will produce a sprayof the kind described when projected into and through the tapering forFurthermore, my invention aims to provide a spray nozzle adapted toproduce a homogeneous spray, and having all of the operative portionswithin the casing of the nozzle arranged upon the exterior of animperforate core; thereby avoiding the danger of clogging perforationsin the core, and permitting a speedy inspection and cleaning of theoperative portions of the core.

Heretofore, nozzles designed for producing an imperforate or so-calledsolid spray have commonly had cores each equipped with one or moreperforations extending longitudinally through the same, and suchperforations have commonly been arranged concentrically with respect toeach other or with respect to vane formations, thereby restricting theavailable diameter of such perforations to sizes which were easilyclogged by scale deposits or other foreign matter in the liquid. It hasalso been customary for nozzle casing disposed at a considerabledistance from the point at which the several jets were emitted. beencustomary to produce both an axial jet of relatively small diameter ascompared with the initial stream of liquid, and one or more spiral orhollow jets surrounding this axial jet-and initially spaced considerablyfrom the latter, and afterward utilizing the tapering bore of a nozzlecasing both for intermingling the axial jet with the hollow jetformation and for reacting upon the latter to assist in converting theliquid into a spray. Such constructions have required relatively smallpassages and in practice have led to deviations from the homogeneity ofthe spray, owing to differences in the uneven depositing of scale or thelike in the various passages; and they have also required relativelylong casings to afford the desired mixing of the numerous jets and theproducing of spray from the latter.

To overcome these and other difliculties, my invention aims to provide anozzle having a core tending to form a plurality of jets, but soconstructed that the mixing of these jets into a single and imperforatestreamoccurs contiguous to the forward end of the core, or before theliquid enters the tapering spray-producing chamber, thereby considerablyshortening the required length of the tapering portion of the nozzlecasing. For this purpose I aim to provide a nozzle core in which boththe portions tend ing to transform the initial solid stream of liquidinto a hollow and rotating stream, and the port-ions which cause theliquid to fill the bore of the otherwise hollow resulting stream, areall disposed on exterior and related parts of the core, so that anydoposits of scale or the like will be substantially uniform andtherefore will not effect the uniformity or homogeneity of the resultingspray. Still further objects will appear from the followingspecification and from the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 isan elevation of a nozzle embodying my invention.

Fig, 2 is a central and longitudinal sec- In other words, it hasintermingle these jets in a portion of the gas tion through this nozzle,taken along 2-2 0:5 ru 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevation of the cotaken at right angles to theview '5' Fig. 4; is a plan view oi the core, n the earns scale as Fi 8.

5 is a rragnientary and enlarged ransverse section through the nozzlecasng immediately "forward of core, show- Trig the separate directionsin which the core iormations the casing tend to move cerain portions ofthe liquid.

in the embodiment of the drawi gs,the spray nozzle oi my inventionconsists of a nozzle casing l, shown as threaded for attachment to aliquid supply pipe, and a nozzle core supported withir this casing bysuitable means such as the screw 3. The tubular casing 1 hassubstantially cylindrical tubular portion'closely fitting the crterioror the nozzle core, and also has a tapering portion connecting this partwith the contracted outlet of the nozzle, thus afiording vspray-producing chamber the co and the outlet 2 of the nozzle. nozzlcore in this instance comprises hub which is desirably tapers its toreduce the friction of liquid impinging agains" same, and a pair orSubstanl- 2 at to tile tially helical van-es each extending for somewhatmore than half turn around er:- terior of hub. These vanes desirably aresymmetrically disposed, so that the forward end portion oi each vane isin alinernent longitudinally of the nozzle with the rear end portion oithe other Each vane is equipped somewhat baclr or its forward end orcore with a heel atiording an abrupt shoulder or abutment l, whichabutment desirably extends least as far as the under surface of theother vane, so that the said under surface will reflect liquid againstthis abutment. To increase the efiectiveness ot each vane in thusproooting parts of the stream 0]? liquid against the abutments on theother vane, l desirably decrease the pitches or the vanes inthe-portions which are in substantial alinement longitudinally of thenozzle; that is to say, the longitudinally alined parts at the ends orthe vanes.

With the nozzle thus constructed, it will low or uneven in itseiiectiveness at diii erent distances radially of the axis of thesprays. however, the reduced pitch at the forend of each vane as abovedescribed causes the liquid to be directed in planes approximately atright angles to the axis or the nozzle and to be projected both directlyand by reflection from the bore of the nozzle casing against suchshoulders or abutrneu'ts. The result is an inte'terence ot'variouslydirected stream portions with each other, which interaction partlymodifies the rotational or spirally advancing movement initiallyimparted to each halter the stream the vanes, and which iorcesparts ofthe liquid both radially inward and over the top of thetip or each vane.For example,

th particles or" liquid projected tangentially oi the hub close to thelatter as shown in ig. 5, it unimpeded by other particles liquid, wouldst he reflected by the shoulder l agains the inner wall of the cas ingand would then be reflected again a cirection rotationally alinostreverse of thegeneral spiral course pursued by hall oi the initialstream directed to the said shoulder or abutment. But

liquid particles urged in this liquid, and the liquid theretore entersthe large end or the tapered or spray producing portion of the casing ina single and impertorate stream subjected to a number or conflictingstrains. These strains partly tend to advance the unitary stream with aspiral motion, and partly tend to move it transversely of the nozzle,thus subjecting diuerent particles or the liquid to difierent thrusts,and thereby producin a uite ditfterent ehect in the tapering Shani orfrom that obtained with a core of a plain screw type. Moreover, theclose embracing or the forward end or the nozzle core by the liquideffectively prevents the heretofore customary production of a hollowbore for the stream of liquid, and therefore aids in roducing anunpertorate and substantially homogeneous spray, while the solid hubeltectively screens the outlet of the nozzle to prevent the directprojection through it or liquid particles which have not been clividedinto the desired spray.

it will be noted that this is accomplished with a core having no boresextending through the same and therefore one which cannot readily beclogged by scale deposits means or other foreign matter, as has been theease with nozzle cores equipped with perforations. Moreover, the activeformations on the nozzle core are all disposed upon the exterior of thelatter, so that this core can easily be cleaned if this should benecessary. So also, the winding passages through which the two portionsof the stream flow may be quite large in cross-section in comparisonwith those permissible in' nozzle cores equipped with perforations, thuspractically eliminating the chance of having any foreign particles ofmatter clog these pasages. So also, if any scale should be deposited onthe core, this deposit would be distributed over the various surfaces,thus maintaining the distribution of the spray substantially uniform,which is impossible with the older types of nozzle cores arranged forproducing jets issuing through separated perforations in the core. Toincrease the effective reflection of portions of the liquid from therear surface of the vanes, I may desirably dispose these rear surfacessomewhat obliquely to the axis of the nozzle. However, I do not wish tobe limited to this or other details of the construction and arrangementhere disclosed, it being obvious that the same might be modified in manyways without departing from the spirit of my invention as. shown in theappended claims.

I claim as my invention 1. In a spray nozzle, a core includingsubstantially spiral vanes cooperating to cause the liquid to advancespirally about the axis of the nozzle, and means associated with the Iforward ends of the vanes for impeding the flow of liquid along only theforward-surfaces of the vanes.

2. A spray nozzle core having substantially helical vanes, and abutmentsassociated respectively with the vanes and disposed for alteringthedirection of movement imparted to liquid by the vanes, the said vanesand abutments being symmetrically disposed with respect to the nozzle ofthe core.

3. A spray nozzle core having spiral vanes equipped back of theirforward tips with formations arranged for altering the movement impartedto liquid by a portion'of the vanes.

4. In a spray nozzle, a tubular casing, and a core mounted therein andincluding a pair of helical vanes each equipped back of its forward endwith an abutment extending substantially longitudinally and radially ofthe nozzle casing.

5. In a spray nozzle, a tubular casing, and a core mounted therein, thesaid core including a hub, a plurality of helical vanes symmetricallydisposed about the hub, and abutments at the forward end of the corecooperating with the bore of the nozzle casing for causing a radiallyinward movement of portions of the liquid, therebycausing the forwardend of the core to be continuously and entirely immersed in liquid.

6. In a spray nozzle, an imperforate core including substantiallyhelicoidal vanes formed for initially imparting a spirally advancingmovement to the liquid and for thereafter abruptly accelerating the rateof spiral advancement of the liquid over the entire radial width of thevanes.

7 In a spray nozzle, a core including helitermined rate to the portionsof the liquid traversing both the forward and rear surfaces of eachvane, and for thereafter modifying the rate of spiral advancement ofonly the portions of the liquid traversing the'forward surfaces of eachvane.

8; In a spray nozzle, a tubular casing,- and a core mounted therein;said core'including a plurality of helical vanes symmetrically disposedabout the axis of the core and each having its forward tip in alinementlongitudinally of the casing with the rear portion of another vane, andan abutment mounted on each vane and extending at least as far forwardlyof the nozzle as the extreme vane-tip directed toward the said abutment.

9. In a spray nozzle, a tubular casing and a core mounted therein, saidcore compris- HARRY D. BIN KS.

